“I leave office at peace with my decision and proud of the many contributions I’ve made to the state of Illinois, and I do so knowing I’ve made a difference,” Madigan wrote in a lengthy emailed statement.

His initial statement said he plans to retire by the end of the month, but by the end of Thursday the letter he submitted to the clerk of the Illinois House said his resignation was effective immediately, a spokesperson confirmed. His current term, which he won in November, would have ended in January 2023.

Madigan, the longest-serving state House speaker in the country, failed to earn enough support to win another term as speaker, resulting in the election last month of Speaker Emanuel “Chris” Welch.

Madigan’s support within the Democratic caucus began to fracture after federal prosecutors revealed last July that utility giant Commonwealth Edison admitted that its executives were bribing associates of Madigan in a yearslong scheme in order to ensure legislation favorable to the company.

Although he has not been charged and he denies wrongdoing, Madigan was forced on the defensive after Republican lawmakers launched a special committee to investigate his involvement in the scheme. That committee ended with a partisan finding that Madigan did not commit conduct unbecoming of a lawmaker.

“It’s no secret that I have been the target of vicious attacks by people who sought to diminish my many achievements lifting up the working people of Illinois. The fact is, my motivation for holding elected office has never wavered. I have been resolute in my dedication to public service and integrity, always acting in the interest of the people of Illinois,” Madigan said in the statement.

Madigan, who was raised in the Clearing neighborhood on Chicago’s southwest side, is a graduate of Notre Dame University and Loyola University Chicago School of Law.

In 1969, just two years after graduating from law school, Madigan was elected the Democratic committeeman for the city’s 13th Ward, and slated as a delegate to the 1970 constitutional convention. In 1970, he was first elected to represent the 22nd District, which covers a portion of the southwest side of Chicago.

Madigan has served as a partner in his Chicago tax appeal law firm, Madigan & Getzendanner, since he co-founded the firm in 1972.

He was first elected Speaker of the House in 1983 and served, for all but two years, until January 2021. In 1998, he was elected to serve as state Democratic Party chair, a position he continues to hold.

His term as party chair ends in March 2022. A spokesperson for Madigan did not comment on his plans for that role.

As party chairman, Madigan remains in control of the Democratic Party of Illinois’ committee fund, which has nearly $2 million on hand.

Even after he leaves the House, Madigan will also still control two other massive political committee funds: the Friends of Michael J. Madigan, which stands at more than $13.5 million, and the 13^th Ward Democratic Organization, which has more than $2.6 million.

Kent Redfield, an emeritus professor of political science at the University of Illinois at Springfield, said Madigan could continue to accept contributions to the Friends of Michael J. Madigan and the 13^th Ward group and distribute money from those committees to other candidates’ committees.

Redfield said Madigan’s sources of power came from controlling the legislative process in the House and “being able to aggregate and distribute money, which gave him huge control over who ran for office, as well as his having an impact on those campaigns.”

“That was the key to the power that he had,” Redfield said. “Losing the speakership and resigning from the legislature — he’s in a significantly weakened position, and it's not clear how much influence he's going to exercise over the (Democratic Party of Illinois).”

Madigan’s oversight of an enormous campaign war chest as the Illinois Democratic Party’s chair, as well as his unilateral power over the House chamber, led some, especially Republicans, to demonize him as a corrupt machine boss who, with the support of organized labor and trial lawyers, controlled Illinois’ state government.

Former Gov. Bruce Rauner, who campaigned on busting unions in Illinois, regularly ran ads during his single term, which was plagued by a two-year budget impasse, that characterized Madigan as a power-hungry puppet master.

Republican House Minority Leader Jim Durkin, of Western Springs, who initiated the special committee investigation into Madigan, echoed that characterization of Madigan, describing the former Speaker’s tenure as an “autocratic rule” that “has not made Illinois a more prosperous nor competitive state.”

Durkin said in his written statement that Madigan’s resignation represented a “new day” in Illinois that he hads been looking forward to for many years.

“I urge the Democrats in both Chambers and the governor to reflect on how we can use this opportunity to improve Illinois,” Durkin said. “Our state is in shambles — financially, structurally and ethically. New ideas and sincere collaboration between the parties is the only pathway forward.”

During his five decades in the General Assembly, Madigan has overseen significant legislative achievements that include the passage of a same-sex marriage law and raising the minimum wage to $15 by 2025.

Welch, D-Hillside, said in a written statement that he appreciated Madigan’s contributions and wished him well.

“Under him, we’ve had strong, sustained Democratic leadership in Springfield. We legalized same-sex marriage, abolished the death penalty and solidified abortion rights. Illinois also became the first state in the Midwest to increase the minimum wage to $15 an hour. These laws gave underserved populations a new sense of hope,” Welch said.

“Now we must build on that with a new generation of leadership focused on racial and gender equity in all dimensions, improving government transparency and leading with the kind of conviction, compassion and cooperation expected by our constituents.”

Gov. JB Pritzker also expressed his gratitude for Madigan’s service and thanked his family too.

“One thing I will say is that when you serve as long, and in as dedicated a fashion in terms of just the sheer number of hours that the man put into the job, his family can really suffer,” Pritzker said in an unrelated public appearance Thursday in Belleville.

“It's a challenge for the spouses and children and grandchildren of somebody who's put that much into public service, and I really just want to call them out today and say, they really deserve kudos for the public service that former Speaker Madigan did because it's the family that often suffers, the fact that he's not home when they would like him to be.”

Capitol News Illinois is a nonprofit, nonpartisan news service covering state government and distributed to more than 400 newspapers statewide. It is funded primarily by the Illinois Press Foundation and the Robert R. McCormick Foundation.